Negotiators for the US-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework are working on the fine print on how to build more suitable and safer subsidy chains for products like minerals and semiconductors in a bid to minimize reliance on China.

The United States said Tuesday that "great progress" was made at this fourth IPEF meeting, which was held May 8-15 in Singapore. Participants in the modern round of talks persevered in sculpting language that masks the four pillars of the framework: subsidy chains, trade, "clean economy" and "fair economy."

They intend to reach a partial agreement at the next ministerial meeting in the US on May 27.

IPEF seeks to increase resilience to disruptions that can break supply chains, such as pandemics, local climate changes, and conflict. Members are developing a mechanism to share statistics and request sources of choice for commodities like masks, scientific elements, and semiconductors.

Cooperation on early supply chain hyperlinks, such as minerals and raw materials, can enhance financial security.

For example, while China makes about 70-80% of the world's electric car batteries, the United States only contains about 20% of the minerals used in their production.

While the US produces much less than 1% of the world's nickel, Indonesia produces roughly half and Australia 5%, the US Geological Survey reports. Southeast Asia and Australia also provide other essential minerals such as nickel. cobalt and lithium. This creates space for cooperation, such as sharing supplies.

A key question is whether or not the IPEF association will be profitable for its members. Many Southeast Asian countries have closed ties with China.

"The focus will be on how emerging economies stabilize [the IPEF] with their China policies," said Toshiki Takahashi, chief economist at the Japan Institute of International Trade and Investment.

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