There are various ways to configure heating and cooling System a commercial HVAC installation, and each system type has advantages and disadvantages. The best choice can vary by project.
In commercial buildings, HVAC loads normally represent the highest energy expense. Geographic location plays a significant role: buildings far to the north or south of the world typically have high heating expenses, while those located in the tropics may require air conditioning all year long.
Just like in residential settings, there is a broad range of heating and cooling options for commercial buildings, each with advantages and limitations. Three of the most commonly used systems for commercial buildings are:
- Variable-air-volume (VAV) systems with a packaged rooftop unit
- Chiller, cooling tower and boiler systems
- Water-source heat pump systems with a cooling tower and boiler
One of the most important design choices in a commercial building is HVAC configuration, since this system represents a significant portion of ownership costs in the long term. Building layout is an important consideration: low-height facilities with ample rooftop areas tend to favor packaged rooftop units with VAV systems, while multi-story buildings tend to favor the use of chillers or water-source heat pumps.
Of course, there are viable energy efficiency enhancements that can be deployed in all cases. Modulating the speed of compressors, pumps and fans is more energy-efficient than cycling these pieces of equipment on and off, and it also contributes towards a longer service life and reduced maintenance expenses.
